Maceration Time Affects the Efficacy of Borage Extracts as Potential Biostimulant on Rocket Salad

The efficacy of plant-based biostimulants lays on the extraction bioactive compounds that can trigger positive biological responses in plants. Their use has been increasing for lowering production costs, enhance yield and stress tolerance, improve cropping systems’ sustainability. aim this work was to investigate effect maceration time borage extracts, subsequently sprayed rocket plants hydroponically grown. A preliminary test also assessed evaluate extracts’ seeds germination. Borage leaves flowers were separated macerated same conditions different times. obtained extracts applied two times during cultivation not affected by treatments, while quality leafy vegetables improved. results indicated flower (FE) more active than leaf (LE) stimulating crop response. Promising observed nitrate assimilation, with reduced accumulation edible commercial parts. Non-destructive analysis revealed electron transport rates significantly higher treated Biostimulant effects confirmed sucrose sugars content a general increment secondary metabolites.